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iii-core-primitives

Use when registering iii functions, binding triggers, observing functions, selecting sync/void/enqueue invocation, creating workers, inspecting the live worker registry, installing registry workers, authoring event sources, moving channel data, or adapting external HTTP functions across TypeScript, Python, and Rust.

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Skill instructions

Rendered from the published SKILL.md, 263 lines.

Core Primitives

iii has three top-level primitives:

  • Function: a named unit of work such as orders::validate
  • Trigger: an event source bound to a function
  • Worker: a process that connects to the engine and executes functions

Since 0.25 every function is also observable: iii.observe(source, target) invokes target on each invocation of source that passes its filters. Observers replace trigger bindings over time; the built-in providers (http, cron, queue, state, stream, pub/sub, database) still use trigger types in 0.25, so keep registerTrigger for them. See iii-observe.

Use :: in function IDs, leading slashes in HTTP api_path, and expression for cron config.

Function Registration

Register local handlers when you control the implementation. Register HTTP-invoked functions when iii should call an existing external endpoint.

Shape Use for
registerFunction(id, handler, options?) Local worker code
registerFunction(id, HttpInvocationConfig, options?) Existing HTTP services
registerTrigger({ type, function_id, config, metadata? }) Binding a built-in event source (deprecated in 0.25, still required for providers that have not migrated)
observe({ function_id, args?, filters? }, target, options?) Running target after another function's invocations, or on an engine event (iii-observe)
trigger({ function_id, payload, action?, timeout? }) Calling any function by ID

Functions and triggers can carry metadata for ownership, discovery, and generated skills. Do not put secrets in metadata.

Workers and Registry

A worker is any process that connects to the engine and registers functions or trigger types. There are two common paths:

Task Use
Create your own worker Write SDK code that calls registerWorker, registerFunction, and registerTrigger or observe
Add an existing capability Browse https://workers.iii.dev/, then call compose::add worker=<name>
Pin a worker version compose::add worker=<name>@<version>
Declare a local worker Add worker: path://./workers/my-worker under containers:
Reproduce a project Commit the exact versions in worker-compose.yaml

The public worker registry at workers.iii.dev is for installable workers such as HTTP, state, queue, pub/sub, cron, database, shell, console, rbac-proxy, and other capability workers. (iii-sandbox and iii-observability are engine-owned and are not added through the registry.) Those workers may ship their own function-level skills; do not duplicate every capability as a top-level iii skill.

Worker Manifest

Use iii.worker.yaml when iii should start a local worker project:

name: math-worker
runtime:
  kind: python
  package_manager: pip
  entry: math_worker.py
scripts:
  install: "pip install -r requirements.txt"
  start: "python math_worker.py"

The manifest describes how to start the process. Once running, the WebSocket connection and function registrations are what make the worker part of iii.

Live Engine Registry

The engine keeps a live registry of connected workers, registered functions, triggers, and trigger types. Read it through the built-in discovery functions:

Function Returns
engine::workers::list Connected workers and metrics
engine::functions::list Registered functions
engine::triggers::list Registered triggers
engine::trigger-types::list Advertised trigger types and schemas
engine::observers::list Observers you may see (function_id, namespace, worker filters)

For topology changes, observe the engine-hosted sources engine::on-workers-changed or engine::on-functions-changed with deliver: 'input' (see iii-observe). The older engine::workers-available and engine::functions-available trigger types still fire.

Built-In Trigger Shapes

The workers behind these types have not moved to source functions in 0.25, so bind them with registerTrigger. Each call logs a one-time deprecation warning per process; it is informational and the binding works as before. For log, the engine also hosts the observability::on-log source (iii-observe).

Trigger type Registration config Handler payload
http { api_path: "/orders/:id", http_method: "POST" } { query_params, path_params, headers, path, method, body }
cron { expression: "0 0 9 * * * *" } { trigger, job_id, scheduled_time, actual_time }
durable:subscriber { topic: "payments" } The queued message payload
subscribe { topic: "orders.created" } The published event payload
state { scope: "orders", key?: "order-123" } { event_type, scope, key, old_value, new_value }
stream { stream_name, group_id, item_id? } Stream event details
log { level: "warn" } OpenTelemetry-style log data

Add condition_function_id to built-in trigger config when the handler should only run if a boolean condition function returns true. With observe, a condition you can state over the event becomes a declarative filter; a condition that needs code stays on registerTrigger or moves into the target.

Invocation Modes

Mode Shape Use when
Sync trigger({ function_id, payload }) The caller needs the result
Void TriggerAction.Void() Optional side effect, no result needed
Enqueue TriggerAction.Enqueue({ queue }) Reliable async work with queue policy

Use enqueue for work that must complete with retries. Use void for analytics, notifications, and other non-critical side effects.

Namespaces

Every worker registers in a namespace: the namespace init option, else III_NAMESPACE, else the engine's default. Compose sets III_NAMESPACE to its daemon's namespace for every worker it

Show the whole skill (143 more lines)

starts, so all workers in one worker-compose.yaml share a namespace and call each other by bare function id. Engine-owned functions (engine::*, configuration::*, stream::*) live in default; engine::* resolves there implicitly, the others need namespace: "default" on the call from a namespaced worker. Routing is strict and ids are never prefixed with a namespace. From the CLI, iii trigger -n <namespace> <function> selects it. Details and per-language examples are in iii-sdk-reference.

Code Examples

TypeScript

import { registerWorker, TriggerAction } from "iii-sdk";

const iii = registerWorker("ws://localhost:49134", { workerName: "orders-worker" });

iii.registerFunction("orders::validate", async (order) => {
  if (!order.id) throw new Error("missing order id");
  return { ...order, valid: true };
});

iii.registerFunction("orders::process", async (order) => {
  const validated = await iii.trigger({ function_id: "orders::validate", payload: order });
  await iii.trigger({
    function_id: "orders::charge",
    payload: validated,
    action: TriggerAction.Enqueue({ queue: "payments" }),
  });
  return { accepted: true, orderId: validated.id };
});

iii.registerTrigger({
  type: "http",
  function_id: "orders::process",
  config: { api_path: "/orders", http_method: "POST" },
});

Python

from iii import register_worker

iii = register_worker("ws://localhost:49134")

def validate(order):
    if not order.get("id"):
        raise ValueError("missing order id")
    return {**order, "valid": True}

def process(order):
    validated = iii.trigger({"function_id": "orders::validate", "payload": order})
    iii.trigger({
        "function_id": "orders::charge",
        "payload": validated,
        "action": {"type": "enqueue", "queue": "payments"},
    })
    return {"accepted": True, "orderId": validated["id"]}

iii.register_function("orders::validate", validate)
iii.register_function("orders::process", process)
iii.register_trigger({
    "type": "http",
    "function_id": "orders::process",
    "config": {"api_path": "/orders", "http_method": "POST"},
})

Rust

use iii_sdk::{register_worker, Error, InitOptions, RegisterFunction, TriggerAction};
use iii_sdk::protocol::{RegisterTriggerInput, TriggerRequest};
use serde_json::{json, Value};

let iii = register_worker("ws://127.0.0.1:49134", InitOptions::default());

iii.register_function("orders::validate", RegisterFunction::new(|order: Value| -> Result<Value, Error> {
    if order["id"].is_null() {
        return Err("missing order id".into());
    }
    Ok(json!({ "valid": true, "order": order }))
}));

let process_client = iii.clone();
iii.register_function("orders::process", RegisterFunction::new_async(move |order: Value| {
    let iii = process_client.clone();
    async move {
        let validated = iii.trigger(TriggerRequest::new("orders::validate", order)).await?;
        iii.trigger(TriggerRequest {
            function_id: "orders::charge".into(),
            payload: validated.clone(),
            action: Some(TriggerAction::Enqueue { queue: "payments".into() }),
            timeout_ms: None,
        }).await?;
        Ok::<_, Error>(json!({ "accepted": true, "order": validated }))
    }
}));

// Deprecated since 0.25 (the http worker still provides a trigger type): compiles with a warning.
#[allow(deprecated)]
iii.register_trigger(RegisterTriggerInput::new(
    "http",
    "orders::process",
    json!({ "api_path": "/orders", "http_method": "POST" }),
))?;

Advanced Primitive Patterns

  • Custom event sources: since 0.25, register a function with an observe descriptor (delivery: 'owner', args_format, onObserverAdded / onObserverRemoved) and hand events to observers with obs.emit or obs.call (see iii-observe). registerTriggerType({ id, description }, handler) is deprecated: it still works and logs one warning per process. Keep listener setup in registerTrigger and cleanup in unregisterTrigger if you maintain one.
  • Channels: use createChannel() for binary or streaming data that should not be serialized into JSON payloads. Pass readerRef or writerRef through a function payload.
  • HTTP-invoked functions: use HttpInvocationConfig for legacy APIs, third-party endpoints, or immutable services. Use environment variable names for auth fields, not raw secrets.
  • Schemas: Rust can derive request/response schemas with schemars::JsonSchema; Python can use type hints or Pydantic; Node can pass JSON Schema manually.

When to Use

  • Use this skill for function registration, trigger binding, trigger payload shapes, invocation mode decisions, worker creation, worker registry access, trigger conditions, custom trigger types, channels, and HTTP-invoked functions.
  • Use it to decide between registerTrigger (built-in providers in 0.25) and observe (any function, engine events, migrated providers).
  • Use this when a task spans TypeScript, Python, or Rust examples for the same iii primitive.

Boundaries

  • For iii.observe, filters, observable functions, local dispatch, and migrating off registerTrigger / registerTriggerType, use iii-observe.
  • For engine ports, adapters, engine-owned workers, RBAC (rbac-proxy), and deployment config, use iii-engine-config.
  • For SDK-specific package exports and language caveats, use iii-sdk-reference.
  • For complete backend designs such as workflows, CQRS, agentic systems, and reactive apps, use iii-architecture-patterns.
  • For failed invocations, timeouts, RBAC denials, and retryability, use iii-error-handling.
  • Worker-backed capability details live with the worker docs, not as top-level iii skills.